1 Enoch 74

And I saw another course, a law for her, (and) how according to that law she performs her monthly revolution.

*These are* the leaders of the chiefs of the thousands, *those* which *preside* over all creation, and over all the stars; with the four *days* which are added and never separated from the place allotted them, according to the complete computation of the year.

This treats of the intercalary days, the stars, and the sun. The importance of the four intercalary days was noticed in 74 : 10, and is repeated here in the statement that the guardians of the other days were also over these four. Who these leaders are is uncertain ; not angels, but probably higher stars, for they are called luminaries in verse 2 ; cf. 72 : 3 ; 80 :

And all these Uriel, the holy angel who is the leader of them all, showed to me, and their positions, and I wrote down their positions as he showed them to me, and I wrote down their months as they were, and the appearance of their lights till fifteen days were accomplished.

And these serve four days, which are not computed in the computation of the year.

Chap. 75,

In single seventh parts she accomplishes all her light in the east, and in single seventh parts accomplishes all her darkness in the west.

Respecting them, men greatly err, for these luminaries truly serve, in the mansion of the world, one *day* in the first gate, one in the third gate, one in the fourth, and one in the sixth gate.

For the signs and the times and the years and the days, these the angel Uriel showed to me, he wliom the eternal Lord of glory had placed over all the luminaries of heaven in the heavens and in the world, that tliey should rule on the surface of the heavens, and be seen on the earth, and be leaders for the day and for the night, viz. the sun and the moon and the stars and all the serving creatures who keep their course in all the chariots of heaven.

And in certain months she alters her settings, and in certain months she pursues her own peculiar course.

And the harmony of the world becomes complete every three hundred and sixty-fourth state of it. For the signs,

The angel Uriel showed me also twelve openings in the circuit of the chariot of the sun from which the feet [i.e. the rays] of the sun come forth ; and from them comes the warmth over the earth, when they are opened at times destined for them.

In two months the moon sets with the sun: in those two middle portals the third and the fourth.

The seasons,

In a measure, cf. 72 : 37, and vs. 3, and 74:3; 78 : 4, 6, 7. — 4. Beginning^ i.e. her reappearance, or new moon. Thirtieth morning, with reference to the course of the sun. The periods of the moon are from twenty-nine to thirty days; and on the twenty-ninth she is in conjunction, and again appears on the thirtieth. At conjunction sun and moon are in the same portaL — 5. From new moon to full moon is fourteen (or fifteen) days, and the same number from full moon to new moon again. For this period she has fourteen portions of light, and consequently changes during the lunar month of thirty days, each day one half of one of these fourteen parts. In a month in which there are fifteen days to full moon the first day shows a light that is one of the seven parts attributed to the one half of the moon. — 6. But when there are fourteen days to full moon, then on the first day she takes one fourteenth and one twenty-eighth, equal to three twenty-eighths of light. — 7. But this becomes visible only when the moon has assumed yet one fourteenth of light additionally. In the heginning of the morning she sets, as the day for the moon begins in the evening. — 8. Thus the moon 190 THE BOOK OF ENOCH. iucreases da) by day, by oue seventh of one half, or one fourteenth of light ; of. 78 : 6 sqq. Chap. 74,

She goes forth for seven days, and turns about and returns again through the portal where the sun rises, and accomplishes all her light: and she recedes from the sun, and in eight days enters the sixth portal from which the sun goes forth.

The years,

These, i.e. the heads of the thousands, the chiliarchs. — 2. Most men, not knowing the mystery of the intercalary days, make mistakes accordingly ; cf. 80 : 7 ; 82 : 4, 5, 6. — 3. But notwithstanding this ignorance it is the absolute truth that there are such days, because the angel Uriel, who is over all these phenomena, 72 : 1, showed them to Enoch. Rule, cf. Gen. i. 15-18. Chariots, cf. 72 : 5. — -4. In the chariot of the sun — for the chariot from the appearance is considered a circuit, i.e. round, 72:5, — there are twelve openings, from which heat descends when these are opened. In this manner he explains how the sun does not give an equal amount of heat at all times, as at different times a greater or less number of these openings are closed. — 5. Some, i.e. openings; but these are in the ends of heaven, entirely distinct from those just mentioned ; cf. chap. 76 and 34—36. This verse is probably the work of an interpolator, as it entirely 192 THE BOOK OF ENOCH. interrupts the sense, but was easily suggested by tlie context. — 6,

And when the sun goes forth from the fourth portal she goes forth seven days, until she goes forth from the fifth and turns back again in seven days into the fourth portal and accomplishes all her light: and she recedes and enters into the first portal in eight days.

And the days, Uriel showed me; the angel whom the Lord of glory appointed over all the luminaries.

Besides the well-known twelve portals there are many window-openings, on which see 72 : .3, 7. — 8,0. Different from the stars just mentioned, that rise and set, are the neversetting stars, those continually 0!i the horizon at nights. What the special one is cannot be decided, since it is not even certain whether he refers to one of the setting, or of the never-setting stars. In the first case Dillniann thinks of the morning star, and of the Great Bear in the second. Did not the connection occasion some difficulty Hoffmann's idea that the sun alone can here be meant would be very probable. SECTION XV.

And she returns again in seven days into the fourth portal from which the sun goes forth.

Of heaven in heaven, and in the world; that they might rule in the face of the sky, and appearing over the earth, become

The fourth portal, in which is new moon. In returning to it in fourteen days there is in it full moon ; then goes to the first portal, and returns to the fourth in fifteen days. — 10. He now enters on the difference between a solar and lunar year. According to 78 : 15, 16 there are six months with thirty and six months with twenty-nine days, i.e. three hundred and fifty-four days in a lunar year. But the year has three hundred and sixty by counting twelve months at thirty days, to which are added four intercalary days in the equinoxes and solstices. Accordingly the difference between the solar and lunar year is six days without, and ten days with, these additional days. Thus without intercalary days the sun gains on the moon in five years thirty days, although when full the sun really has every year three hundred and sixty-four days, and not three hundred and sixty, as he counts to get the thirty days in five years. — 11. Repeats this more plainly. — 1 2. As the author stands, or wants to THE BOOK OF ENOCH. 191 stand, on biblical ground, and is conservative over against all innovations, lie defends the lunar year as the best, as the Israelites followed that alone before the exile; cf. De Wette, Archdologie, 4 ed., p. 236, and Winer, R. W. sub voc. Jahr. Three hundred and sixty-Jive days, i.e. with the intercalary days. — 14. In three years the difference between the solar and lunar years at ten days (cf. vs. 8) will be exactly one mouth. In live years the difference is fifty days, which sum is reached by adding to these, i.e. to the thirty days in three years the intercalary days intervening between the 1092 days of the three years, and the 1820 of the five years. — 16. Accordingly, too, in eight years she recedes eighty days. — 17. Conclusion, cf. vs. 12 and 75 :

Thus I saw their position--how the moons rose and the sun set in those days.

Conductors of the days and nights: the sun, the moon, the stars, and all the ministers of heaven, which make their circuit with all the chariots of heaven.

And one is greater than all, and this one courses through the whole world. Chap. 73,

And if five years are added together the sun has an overplus of thirty days, and all the days which accrue to it for one of those five years, when they are full, amount to 364 days.

Thus Uriel showed me twelve gates open for the circuit of the chariots of the sun in heaven, from which the rays of the sun shoot forth.

And in those days, if five years are taken together, the sun has thirty superabundant days ; and all the days which belong to him for one of these five years, when they are full, are three hundred and sixty-four days.

And the overplus of the sun and of the stars amounts to six days: in 5 years 6 days every year come to 30 days: and the moon falls behind the sun and stars to the number of 30 days.

From these proceed heat over the earth, when they are opened in their stated seasons. They are for the winds, and the spirit of the dew, when in their seasons they are opened; opened in heaven at *its* extremities.

And the superabundance of the sun and of the stars is six days ; of five years, each at six, are thirty days, and the moon recedes from the sun and the stars thirty days.

And the sun and the stars bring in all the years exactly, so that they do not advance or delay their position by a single day unto eternity; but complete the years with perfect justice in 364 days.

Twelve gates I beheld in heaven, at the extremities of the earth, through which the sun, moon, and stars, and all the works of heaven, proceed at their rising and setting.

And the moon brings in all the years exact, so that their place ncitlier precedes nor recedes one day, but she changes the years with exact justice in three hundred and sixty-four days.

In 3 years there are 1092 days, and in 5 years 1820 days, so that in 8 years there are 2912 days.

Many windows also are open on the right and on the left.

Three years have one thousand and ninety-two days ; and five years, eighteen hundred and twenty days ; so that there will l)e in eight years two thousand nine hundi'cd and twelve days.

For the moon alone the days amount in 3 years to 1062 days, and in 5 years she falls 50 days behind: [i.e. to the sum (of 1770) there is to be added (1000 and) 62 days.]

One window at a *certain* season grows extremely hot. So also are there gates from which the stars go forth as they are commanded, and in which they set according to their number.

To the moon alone belongs for three years one thousand and sixty-two days, and for five years siie recedes fifty days, viz. to the sum of these are added sixty-two days.

And in 5 years there are 1770 days, so that for the moon the days in 8 years amount to 2832 days.

I saw likewise the chariots of heaven, running in the world above to those gates in which the stars turn, which never set. One of these is greater than all, which goes round the whole world.

And thus in five years there will be seventeen hundred and seventy days, so that the days of the moon for eight years will be two thousand eight hundred and thirty-two days. 1(3. For her receding in eight years is eighty days, and all the days she remains behind in eight years are eighty days. 188 THE BOOK OF ENOCH.

[For in 8 years she falls behind to the amount of 80 days], all the days she falls behind in 8 years are

(not present in Laurence 1821)

(not present in Schodde 1882)

And the year is accurately completed in conformity with their world-stations and the stations of the sun, which rise from the portals through which it (the sun) rises and sets 30 days.

(not present in Laurence 1821)

And the year is juistly finished, in accordance with their stations and the stations of the sun, rising through their portals, through which they rise and set thirty days. Chap. 75, — And the leaders of the heads of the thousands, who are over all creation and over all the stars, are also with the four intercalary days, which cannot be separated from their places, according to the whole reckoning of the years, and tliese serve the four days whicli are not counted in tlic reckoning of the years.

(not present in Laurence 1821)

(not present in Schodde 1882)